Assessment Practice in Classroom Free Essays

Appraisal practice in study hall Students’ evaluation is one of the basic standards of any instructive program; it has a vital impact in the instructive procedure. As per McMillan (2011), achieving an ideal homeroom evaluation requires significant learning objectives and norms that ought to be set before initiating study hall appraisal techniques. Checking students’ progress will assist educators with adjusting their directions adequately to take understudies to the following degree of learning. We will compose a custom article test on Evaluation Practice in Classroom or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now Analytic appraisal, developmental evaluation, and summative appraisal are significant kinds of study hall evaluation, and together they structure the appraisal cycle. McMillan (2011) brings up that instructors must utilize accomplishment data got from summative appraisal to give directions, to achieve the reason for the evaluation, and to give execution input to understudies and guardians. Pre appraisal or analytic evaluation is the initial phase in homeroom evaluation that instructors do before initiating another learning action, to furnish them with data about students’ pre information, propensities, and inspirations. It is a pivotal methodology expected to continue to the subsequent stage, which is developmental appraisal. This sort of study hall appraisal is given during a learning action to distinguish the student’s advance and alter instructing as per conceivable new necessities. In the wake of finishing the learning movement, summative appraisal participates all the while. This evaluation is planned to decide if long haul learning objectives have been met, notwithstanding giving criticism and estimating the degree of progress that has been gotten; understudies can utilize results of a summative appraisal developmentally to manage their learning. So as to make this procedure powerful, instructors ought to perform steady appraisals that give dependable outcomes on the grounds that â€Å"unreliable evaluations can't be valid† (Eggen, 2009, p. 36). Muddled headings can give conflicting data that lead to unintended negative outcomes. Intermittent disappointment in understudies with learning incapacities can prompt a further disappointment; educators can bolster those understudies by empowering them, and attempting to remake their self-assurance (Robinson, 2008). Those understudies need exceptional materials and learning methodologies to manage their learni ng issues. Diagnosing the understudies first, can assist instructors with making right choices later, considering each student’s singularity. There are a few techniques to be utilized in the study hall to guarantee accomplishment as indicated by Robinson (2008). For example, the language experience approach and perusing â€Å"usually ensures enthusiasm, as it is one in which the understudy has an individual association. It is executed with them and for them, it has a place with them. It permits the student to get engaged with the learning procedure. Certainty and achievement are typically ensured, as building up your own accounts dependent on regular exercises is probably going to make the undertaking simpler to learn. Perusing one’s own story, for instance, ought to be simpler as authors ought to recall what the story was about† (Robinson, 2008, p. 306). This strategy speaks to a case of developmental appraisal in a study hall. The last phase of evaluation speaks to the procedure of summative appraisal. Robinson (2008) recommends that perusing the story onto a recording device could be helpful for correction, by amending the students’ work, educators will give input to understudies, and might need to present new instructional designs to advance students’ learning. Study hall evaluation is a teachers’ ground-breaking instructive apparatus, particularly when they use it to determine understudies to have learning troubles, and make changes to their learning materials and directions. McMillan (2011) contends that so as to make the evaluation method fruitful in the event of showing understudies with learning challenges, educators ought to watch understudies absolutely to give precise signs of their exhibition. Utilizing the evaluation cycle in homeroom fortifies learning and improves its quality. Making alterations that comply with learners’ capacities can emphatically impact them instructively. (514) words References: McMillan, James H. (2010) Classroom Assessment: Principles and Practice for Effective Standards-Based Instruction, fifth Edition. Pearson/Australia, Dec-10 Eggen, P. (2009) Educational Psychology: windows on homerooms, eighth Edition. Pearson/Australia, Jan-09 Robinson, G. (2008b). Getting education and numeracy. In P. Foreman (Ed. ), Inclusion in real life (second ed. , pp. 303-307). South Melbourne, Victoria: Thompson. The most effective method to refer to Assessment Practice in Classroom, Essay models

Citizen Cane Questionaire

Resident Kane Questionnaire View the film CITIZEN KANE (1941) for conversation in class on week four and to submit week five. Make certain to see the film in any event twice before workshop number four. Peruse the data in this schedule about this film. Research it online at http://www. filmsite. organization/citi. html http://en. wikipedia. organization/wiki/Citizen_Kane, http://www. imdb. com/title/tt0033467/, http://www. cinepad. com/audits/kane. htm, and so forth. At that point total the accompanying survey A. Artistic Elements (Describe in a couple of sentences) 1. Structure (narrating formatThe narrating design for this film was a greater amount of an examination sort of way, looking for the importance of the word rosebud. Flashbacks utilized all through the film to fill in data that could prompt the significance of the words. 2. Plot (story) The story is about a man who turns into a magnate. While picking up wealth, spouses and assets he loses his spirit. He bites the dust and a few columnists need to find the significance of his withering words â€Å"rose bud†. 3. Topic (message) The topic message for this film is that cash and force don't make an individual. Not all the influence and cash one individual may have will satisfy the joy one wants. . Three good issues in the story Power can't accepting satisfaction nor would it be able to satisfy it. There were a couple of social issues, one of them being family and marriage issues, for example, separate. Kane’s distinction and riches can't spare him from his mystery relationship. B. Mise en Scene: Theatrical Elements (give two models each, taking note of quickly what you have watched and where in the film) 5. Uncommon Sets/Backdrops A. ) The scene where Kane and his better half were at a bistro or café and the setting was a wild or backwoods and they tossed in vivified feathered creatures flying through the backdrop.B. ) Another component was colossal chimney at Kane’s living arrangeme nt. 6. Noteworthy Costuming A. ) Their outfits spoke to the time and their economic wellbeing. B. ) Kane wore a thick, substantial fur garment that spoke to his status; having incredible arrangement of cash. 7. Prominent Makeup A) Kane’s cosmetics in the beginning times youthful and energetic and toward the end, it demonstrated him 85 and old-marriage scene, youthful and when his subsequent spouse was leaving him, it portrayed him old with a stick B) Makeup shown when his subsequent wife spruced up to sing drama at their theater she wore overwhelming cosmetics . Sythesis (vertical lines, roof confining) A. ) There is a roof outline scene, where Kane and his companion go over the columnist that had nodded off; on the survey of wife’s execution. The camera concentrated on his companion utilizing a low edge demonstrating the side of the roof his head. B. ) In the theater, during one of the exhibitions the camera looks up taking a gander at only the structure of the struct ure. As the camera, looks up there were walkways or railing that went over the screen. 9. High key lighting (happy)A) When he meets his subsequent spouse and goes to her place she is lit up and light delineating cheerful. B) There is high lighting utilized while watching the walking young ladies; cheering and upbeat music playing in foundation. 10. Serene Lighting (puzzle) A. ) There is a face in obscurity when Kane goes to meet somebody for data about something. The dull shadow over the face shows that there is a mystery. B. ) In the beginning of the film seems, by all accounts, to be a few men in an obscured room; seems mystererious, looking for answers. All men remain in obscurity when that scene closes. C. Calm lighting utilized when firecrackers propelled into the sky. 11. Eminent Acting (and development) A. ) The finish of the film Kane wrecks his second wife’s room, breaking glass, flipping tables over, tossing everything on the ground, demonstrating his annoyance, dis satisfaction and agony. B. ) Notable acting when Kane smacks his second spouse over the face when she was grumbling about the audits in the paper about her presentation. C. Cinematography (give two models each, taking note of quickly what you have watched and where in the film) 12. Striking camera points (low edge, high edge, and so forth. A) There is an amazingly low edge when the kid gets a blessing. B) There is a low edge during one of the drama exhibitions when the camera looks down at the singing mentor kind of under the stage. 13. Prominent Framing (two shot, three shot, four shot, frontal area encircling) A) There is a three shot edge when Kane is composing the survey. B) The scene where out of sight, through the window, a kid can be seen playing outside. C) There is closer view confining in the reflection shot from the window of Kane moving. 14. Striking Framing (close-up)A) The scene when Kane says, â€Å"Rosebud† with an extraordinary close-up of his lips. B) At the finish of the film when camera focuses in on Kane’s youth sled concentrating in on â€Å"Rosebud† 15. Eminent focal points (profound center, fish eye) A) The scene with the kid playing in the day off, through the window while his mom signs reports has profound core interest. B) The scene where Kane’s spouse is laying in the seat, the medications on the table; seen very close and the center stays clear to the room entryway out yonder. 16. Prominent Camera Movement (crane shots, hand-held, and so on. A) There is a crane shot; camera gets through the sign and into the messed up bay window into the El Rancho Nightclub B) Crane shot-Emily went to Susan’s home and going up the steps into her house is one portrayed. 17. Constrained point of view A) The wedding scene of Emily and Kane are utilizing constrained viewpoint of the White House. B) There is a Scene indicating Kane’s home, entryway found out of sight on the slope. D. Editingâ€Assembly and Pri nting of film (give two models each, noticing quickly what you have watched and where in the film) 8. Embellishments (movement, tangling) A) There is activity in two of the scenes where they show you a guide WB. B) There is likewise cookout scene where energized winged animals are flying. 19. Changes (breaks up, wipes, blurs) A) Dissolving scene is when Thatcher, Bernstein, Kane are in a room, three are at a table and Kane is in the back. That letter perusing shows 1929 and it breaks down. B) Earlier scene in start of film shows monkeys then it continues and you see the mansion . In all that territory all image is indicating dissolving.C) The Xanadu scenes were likewise dissolving scenes. D) His battle scene indicating his face out of sight likewise breaks up. 20. Montage A) The scene at the â€Å"breakfast† table shows marriage quite sweet at that point shows it self-destructing. B) Another scene; Thatcher calls Kane Charles at Christmas time and he opened a Christmas presen t. This depicted Thatcher youthful, Kane youthful, at that point next scene is perusing a letter from Kane, and he is matured. D. Sound (give one model every) 21. Diegetic music A) When Kane gets the trophy.B) After the scene where Kane is composing the audit. 22. Non-diagetic music An) After Kane leaves in the trophy scene thee is non-diegetic music. B) Sound progress; there was applauding moving between different scenes. 23. Eminent or uncommon music A) There is prominent military music by the Teddy Roosevelt scene in the start of the film. B) The scene where you see the masculine lady there is reverberation and unexpected music then you hear sound the sound change and are more obvious 24. Layering A) There was voice overlay toward the start with Thatcher and two employees.Thatcher is angry with Him for working at the paper and losing cash. B) When Kane was setting up his large gathering with moving young ladies there was chuckling and disorder, much vocal overlay. 25. Sound advan ces A) There is a sound change when Kane hollering advances into the horn blaring. B) Audio progress scene when Kane is giving a discourse and the scene advances through various addresses. 26. Dead screen A) There is dead screen after the montage of scenes experiencing the paper title texts the film goes into a dead screen.

Ethics of Euthanasia - Free Essay Example

The topic of Euthanasia has always been a very debated subject. With most people being proponent to euthanasia, there is still a large amount of people and human right groups that are against ending human life by the way of euthanasia. According to Cambridge dictionary, euthanasia is relieving an extremely ill patient who is suffering from incurable disease. Euthanasia has been a controversial issue globally as people have differences in their opinions and moral values. In addition, Otlowski (1997) says that there are many countries like Canada, US, Australia, where euthanasia is being practised illegally and doctors faced a lot criticism when exposed. On the one hand, Hitchcock (2016) claims that the longing for death comes from terminally ill people who feel hopelessness. Moreover, some people also believe that act of euthanasia is morally wrong. On the other hand, Healey (2008), commences that thousands of patient die from terminal illness and death remains difficult and painful not just for patients but also for doctors and family. While, some authors believe that euthanasia should be up to the patients only, others argue that it will be misused badly. But, over the last few years the number of patients demanding legal euthanasia has been increased steadily. This report will demonstrate that, the attitude of the people towards euthanasia is controversial. First, the existing literature review and methods for this research will be discussed, after that data collection will be mentioned and finally a discussion with recommendations will be highlighted. Interpretation and findings Information of this survey has been sourced from various students. We conducted a survey on the controversies of euthanasia in the society . Most questions were focused on their opinion and legality about euthanasia. This drew the personal knowledge about the topic. Overall the participants were suggesting that euthanasia should be legal globally but few of them said that it’s not ethical and it will be misused by doctors and patients. Around 51.4% of them agreed that euthanasia should be legal globally. Because euthanasia is illegal in most of the countries. Moreover, 73.5% said it is ethical to relive a patient from their pain if their diseases are incurable. In addition, 65.7% of people think that people should have right to choose when they want to die legally. However, 73.5% believe that euthanasia will be misused once it will be legalized globally. Respondents were also asked whether they want to have an option of ending their life if diagnosed with terminal illness and most of them agreed to have this option. The survey questions showe d difference in the opinion of people about euthanasia. The survey showed that more than half of respondents were in favour of euthanasia and they want it legal globally. On the other hand, only 26.5% says that it is not ethical and it should not be practised. Moreover, approximately 34.3% believe that people should not have right to choose to die legally. Although, significant number of respondents indicated favourable view about euthanasia but few of them strongly disagree with usage of euthanasia. Methods A survey was designed to focus on different opinions of the students, hence both qualitative and quantitative methodology was used. Euthanasia has been an exceptionally questionable subject because of contrast in assessments. A study was intended to know the perspectives and assessments of students in Australia. Three headings were planned including personal opinions, lawfulness of killing all around, whether euthanasia is moral. There were 35 participants that took part in the survey. Most of the participants were students from 19 to 30 age group. The respondents gave their as opinion by answering the questions asked. Confidentially was ensured a nd respondents were not required to reveal their identity. It is believed that survey research was the most suitable way as it provided a lot of information about people’s opinions regarding euthanasia. This survey research helped to know that it is a very critical issue in society. However, as survey only had 15 questions, it provided limited information. The participants provided their views and individual opinions, but to know exact situation and data to be more beneficial, it should have more wider community providing wider knowledge and opinions. Hence, information gathered is limited. Abstract Euthanasia is a highly controversial and crucial issue globally. The purpose of the research is to report on the controversial attitude of people towards euthanasia, and should euthanasia be legalised? Euthanasia is considered as immoral activity by many people from many years so it has become a very controversial topic. It was determined that existing literature is limited as it is highly growing issue across the world. The aim of this survey was to identify people’s opinions about euthanasia whether it is right for humanity and mankind or not. Discussion and conclusion The report suggests that attitude of people towards euthanasia is controversial. There wer e arguments both for and against euthanasia. For instance, when asked about legality of euthanasia 51.4% respondents were in favour and 48.6% were opposing the act. However, findings of this survey suggests that euthanasia should be a personal issue not a social issue. Moreover, most of the respondents believe that right to die legally should be allowed when patient is bearing severe pain and suffering from terminal illness. Data shows that few of the respondents were against euthanasia and they also consider it unethical. Although, some students believe that euthanasia should not be practised, but majority of them consider that it will widely help patients to get relieved from extreme pain they are bearing. This report aimed to examine whether attitude of people towards euthanasia is controversial. Overall, hypothesis was proved as most of the respondents had different opinions and views which proves that euthanasia is a very controversial issue in the society. In this study, we examined that euthanasia has received a lot of criticism and most of people are in favour of euthanasia and demand for its legality. Recommendations As the data indicat ed that most of the respondents were in favour of euthanasia, they want euthanasia legal globally. Views and opinions presented that right to die with dignity should be allowed. Government should legalise euthanasia and allow patients to die peacefully and without regrets if they are suffering from incurable diseases and they are willing to end their life. It is also recommended that right to die should not be a choice of a human rights group or any government group but the choice of the person who is suffering and the family. Lastly, government should also take effective steps to avoid misuse of euthanasia so that patients who genuinely need it can use it. Literature review An extensive body of literature exists on legal implications of euthanasia globally. The main concerns raised in the existing scholarship are as follows: Should euthanasia be legal or whether this is an ethical practice. Another significant concern here is that patients feel burden on their families. Likewise, there are some scholars who believe that euthanasia will be misused by doctors and patients. However, there are few researchers who state that right to die with dignity is a person al issue. Moreover, some argue that terminally ill patients can donate their organs which will be helpful for other patients with more chances of survival. For instance, according to Battin (2005), legalised euthanasia will effect doctor’s value in patient’s life and will create trust issues among patients. Furthermore, it was found that in Netherlands, sixty percent of patients were scared of visiting doctors as they felt their lives would end against their will. In addition, Syme (2008), asserts that there is no illness which cannot be cured, it is just matter of time. No matter how worst the illness is, there is a treatment of it. For example, years ago we didn’t had pain relievers and antibiotics. But due to continuous research and help of people from medicine field made antibiotics and painkillers one hand away. Although, euthanasia has received criticism for its legal implementation only certain counties like Brazil, Canada and Switzerland have legalised it (Wikipedia, 2018). Additionally, Somerville (2017) claims that suicide rates rise in jurisdictions where euthanasia and assisted suicide are legal. Furthermore, Gushee (2004) believes that taking someone’s life from whom society has no threat even if it is done with good motives is considered a murder. Therefore, killing someone is wrong ethically. On the other hand, Denton (2016) asserts that right to die with dignity is a personal issue. Assisted suicide will relief patient from their sufferings. Government should allow and permit patients to die with their choice. Similarly, patients suffering from terminal illness know they will die soon and suffer from unbearable pain, so they should have opportunity and right to choose death. In addition, Glover believes that there is no general statement for word moral, as this word have different values for everyone. Some people consider moral as some sort of rules laid down by God, whereas, some says that it has more social values as it helps in reducing conflicts in society. So, he commences that moral values differ according to situation and circumstances. While the existing scholarship mainly focuses on legal implications of euthanasia and its misuse by doctors and patients, not much has been written about attitude of people towards euthanasia. My research will draw on the existing scholarship and fill the gaps in it, by examining the controversies on euthanasia, as well as attitudes of people towards euthanasia. Reference list: Battin, M. (2005). Ending life. New York city: Oxford dictionary press. Cambridge dictionary (2018). Euthanasia. [online] Available at: https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/euthanasia Syme, R. (2008). A Good death. Victoria: Melbourne University Press. Wikipedia, (2018). Legality of euthanasia.[online]. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legality_of_euthanasia Glover, J.(1997). Causing death and saving lives. London: Penguin Books. Hitchcock, K. (2016). The Right to Die or Right to Kill? The Monthly. Gushee, D.P. (2004). Killing with Kindness. Christianity Today. Healey, J. (2008). Voluntary Euthanasia. Thirroul: The Spinney Press. Otlowski, M.(1997). Voluntary euthanasia and common law. New York: Clarendon Press. Somerville, M. (2017). Do suicide increases where euthanasia is legal? Mercatornet.

How to Use the French Conditional (le Conditionnel)

The French conditional (le conditionnel) mood is very similar to the English conditional mood. It describes events that are not guaranteed to occur, those that are often dependent on certain conditions. While the French conditional mood has a full set of conjugations, the English equivalent is simply the modal verb would plus the main verb. Le Conditionnel: If...then The French conditional is mainly used in  if...then  constructs. It  expresses the idea that  if  this were to happen,  then  that would be the result.   While French uses the word  si  in the if or condition clause, it does not use a term for then in the result clause.  The conditional verb itself is used in the result (then) clause, while only four other tenses are permitted in the  si  clause:  prà ©sent, passà ©Ã‚  composà ©, imparfait,  and  plus-que-parfait. Il mangerait sil avait faim:  He would eat if he were hungrySi nous à ©tudiions, nous serions plus intelligents:  If we studied, (then) we would be smarterIl mangerait avec nous si nous linvitions:  He would eat with us if we invited him Special Cases: Vouloir and Aimer The verb vouloir (to want)  is used in the conditional to express a polite request: Je voudrais une pomme:  I would like an appleJe voudrais y aller avec vous:  I would like to go with you However, you cant say si vous voudriez to mean if you would like, because the French conditional can never be used after si. The verb aimer (to like, love)  is used to express a polite desire, sometimes one that cannot be fulfilled: Jaimerais bien le voir:  I would really like to see itJaimerais y aller, mais je dois travailler:  I would like to go, but I have to work Conjugating le Conditionnel Conjugating the conditional  may be one of the simplest French conjugations youll encounter. There is only one set of endings for all verbs. Most of them — even many that are irregular in the present tense — use their infinitives as the root. There are only about two dozen  stem-changing  or  irregular verbs  that have irregular conditional stems but take the same endings. To show you how easy conditional conjugations are, lets take a look at how it applies to different types of verbs. Well use  jouer  (to play) as our regular  -er  example,  finir  (to finish) as our irregular  -ir  example, and  dire  (to say) as one exception to the rules. Subject Ending Jouer Finir Dire je -ais jouerais finirais dirais tu -ais jouerais finirais dirais il -ait jouerait finirait dirait nous -irons jouerions finirions dirions vous -iez joueriez finiriez diriez ils -aient joueraient finiraient diraient Notice how we had to drop the e in  dire  before adding the conditional endings. This is the sort of change you will find in that handful of verbs that do not follow the standard conditional conjugation pattern. Other than that, you can see how easy it is to form the conditional from almost any verb, even the irregular ones. The Verbs That Don't Follow the Rules So which verbs are you going to have to pay attention to when it comes to the conditional verb mood?  Dire  and other verbs that end in  -ire  are easy compared to some of the others, a few barely resemble the infinitive form while others take on more subtle changes.   The following verbs are irregular in the conditional mood. Notice how the stems change and that they do not use the infinitive form like the other verbs do. There are two rules here: The conditional stem always ends in r.  The exact same verbs are irregular in the  future tense  and use the same stems. When conjugating these into the conditional, simply attach the endings noted above according to the subject pronoun in your sentence. Infinitive Verb Conditional Stem Similar Verbs acheter achà ¨ter- achever, amener, emmener, lever, promener acquà ©rir acquerr- conquà ©rir, s'enquà ©rir appeler appeller- à ©peler, rappeler, renouveler aller ir- avoir aur- courir courr- concourir, discourir, parcourir devoir devr- envoyer enverr- essayer essaier- balayer, effrayer, payer essuyer essuier- appuyer, ennuyer à ªtre ser- faire fer- falloir faudr- jeter jetter- feuilleter, hoqueter, projeter, rejeter nettoyer nettoier employer, noyer, tutoyer,-ayer stem-changing verbs pleuvoir pleuvr- pouvoir pourr- savoir saur- tenir tiendr- maintenir, obtenir, soutenir valoir vaudr- venir viendr- devenir, parvenir, revenir voir verr- revoir vouloir voudr-

Information Technology And The Technology Essay - 813 Words

Pradeep Kumar Chagantipati CUW id: F00437246 Information Technology: From my perspective, Information Technology means utilizing and managing the technology in order to solve problems. In simple terms, look into the word â€Å"Information Technology† we find two words, â€Å"Information† and â€Å"Technology† where information means processing the data in an organized way and technology refers to using electronics machines or systems to complete the work in simple ways. Attributes of Good Information: †¢ Information should be accurate and relevant. †¢ It must be communicated within the allotted time. †¢ Maintain information Up-to-date. †¢ Easy to understand †¢ Information should be consistent and reliable. Attributes of Good Technology: †¢ It is entirely based on human knowledge. †¢ Uses tools, materials, and systems. †¢ Developed to help humankind. At present, â€Å"Information Technology (IT) is a very essential part of our life. The processing of data is done by a computer with the help of hardware and software technology. â€Å"Information Technology has become a major driving force in many organizations† . To sell their products and services successfully these organizations require IT applications. For example, Companies are utilizing the internet for transferring data faster and performing different exercises to accomplish productivity. Companies like â€Å"amazon.com† using internet service to sell their products efficiently. The Internet has influence over many sectors like business and education. InShow MoreRelatedTechnology And Information Technology748 Words   |  3 PagesThe development of location-aware technologies in recent decades has made it possible to use data obtained from smartphones’ various sensors for transportation planning purposes. GPS sensors, Cellular network signals and Wi-Fi are the most referred source of data in related literature. 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Kundera and Friedlander Essay Example For Students

Kundera and Friedlander Essay Thus, the quality of memory evoking possessed by kitsch is interrelated with nostalgia and the association of the symbolism presented. The following section on the aesthetics of kitsch further explains Binkleys ideas surrounding repetition and kitsch. The Aesthetics of Kitsch With its lack of novelty and ambition, and its lulling repetitiveness, kitsch allows an artefact to become secure and unquestionable, calling for one unified response that becomes incorporated into daily life, as part of the ordinary, domestic, family life that is taken for granted. By creating this secure understanding of the world where performance, repetition, maintenance and constant reinforcement of an individuals identity in relation to society are acted out, kitsch becomes part of a repetitive system. This repetition is a powerful system reinforcing totality and universality in addition to over-riding the threat from the cultural and social pre-revolution material vestiges. the repetitive quality of kitsch provides the existential security of a closed cosmology of cultural objects, where novelty and innovation are safely excluded (Binkley, 2000: 145) We will write a custom essay on Kundera and Friedlander specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Hence, the repetitive quality of kitsch forms the very bases of its relationship with memory and nostalgia. Kitsch repeats the past. Boym argues that within Russian visual culture, there is no space for multiple layers of historical memory. The past is limited to old, to the most immediate history being negated by the new. Kitsch helps to integrate this past with the new through repetition. kitsch manipulates through objectification of the effects of art, and through ready made formulas that function like pre-modern magical incantations known to trigger specific emotional responses (Boym, 1994:16) In contrast to Binkelys theory Sabonis-Chafee (1999) writes that the Soviet reaction to mass-produced kitsch can be explained using a hypodermic effects model where the audience absorbs the information immediately and without altering the message. Kitschs advantage being; its power to inject, into the essentially inert audience, both its information and its point of view. As a result, shared definitions of a societys goals and needs could be conveyed through the kitsch objects present in everyday Soviet life. In addition to this, the totalitarianism of the state becomes internalized in individuals through the material culture they have been surrounded by, resulting in compliance and auto-totalitarianism. This has led to most cultural critics regarding Soviet kitsch as more dangerous and more potent than its Western versions. Where, according to Kundera (1991), kitsch supports socialist ideologies as it becomes part of a repetitive system geared towards mass production. in the realm of kitsch, the dictatorship of feelings reigns supreme. The feelings included by kitsch are the kind multitudes can share. Kitsch derives from the basic images engraved in peoples memories (Kundera, 1991: 250) Kitsch Memory in Soviet Russia When kitsch is used in a state policy as an approved way of understanding reality, as was witnessed in Russia, it becomes totalitarian kitsch. As such, everything that infringes on it must be banished, and the result is: communist kitsch symbols mass-produced to create sentimentality that reinforces the regime. This is further explored by Friedlander (1990), who states that: such kitsch has a clear mobilizing function, probably for the following general reasons: first, what it expresses is easily understood and accessible to the great majority of people; secondly, it calls for an unreflective emotional response; thirdly it handles the core values of a political regime or ideological system as a closed, harmonious entity which has to be endowed with beauty to be made more effective (Friedlander, 1990: quoted from Sabonis-Chafee, 1999: 365) This semiotic aspect of kitsch, signalling socialist realism, collectively aids the spirit of communism, and therefore kitsch objects can be said to possess agency (Gell, 1998). This agency was effectively used throughout Russia during the Soviet period in strategically constructed propaganda, and is still used today in modern day advertising. In Russian, the word propaganda bears no negative connotations, and can be likened to the capitalist term marketing. If then, we consider soviet propaganda as a marketing of communist ideals; kitsch can be understood as a type of marketing strategy. .ub34c9b30406671bfd58ff8713cca1bb7 , .ub34c9b30406671bfd58ff8713cca1bb7 .postImageUrl , .ub34c9b30406671bfd58ff8713cca1bb7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub34c9b30406671bfd58ff8713cca1bb7 , .ub34c9b30406671bfd58ff8713cca1bb7:hover , .ub34c9b30406671bfd58ff8713cca1bb7:visited , .ub34c9b30406671bfd58ff8713cca1bb7:active { border:0!important; } .ub34c9b30406671bfd58ff8713cca1bb7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub34c9b30406671bfd58ff8713cca1bb7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub34c9b30406671bfd58ff8713cca1bb7:active , .ub34c9b30406671bfd58ff8713cca1bb7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub34c9b30406671bfd58ff8713cca1bb7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub34c9b30406671bfd58ff8713cca1bb7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub34c9b30406671bfd58ff8713cca1bb7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub34c9b30406671bfd58ff8713cca1bb7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub34c9b30406671bfd58ff8713cca1bb7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub34c9b30406671bfd58ff8713cca1bb7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub34c9b30406671bfd58ff8713cca1bb7 .ub34c9b30406671bfd58ff8713cca1bb7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub34c9b30406671bfd58ff8713cca1bb7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Canadas Copyright Laws EssayThrough slogans, sculptures, and exhortations, sentiment was packaged and offered with an associated kitsch image which was met by wide appeal. These images of manufactured sentimentality make up the essence of what is recognised as totalitarian kitsch. In an environment where suddenly unfathomable technology was questioning their ability to understand the materiality of the world, kitsch gave security and comfort, as the mass of unoriginal and sentimental artefacts acted as an anchor for their consumers. By supplying reassurance that what is to come will resemble what has gone before, and that the hazards of innovation and uncertainty are far away, security was promoted. Lindquist (2002) explains that due to the manufacturing of sentimentality by kitsch, no one is totally immune to it, not even the most sophisticated, as Kundera and Friedlander also admit: most people are, at least at some points of their lives, sensitive to the allure of, say, romantic love, or the beauty of the sunset. In other words, the mode of representation with which kitsch operates, is iconic and indexical: it presents, rather than represents, the widely shared images of happiness, nostalgia, and beauty. When discussing kitsch and memory, nostalgia is an important area of discussion, where differences between high culture and popular culture and between ideology and everyday life, become blurred. This can be explained by using the example of food culture, where relatively cheap copies of formerly expensive luxury products came to play an ever important role. These items soon became essential to the many official and personal celebrations, which were typical of Soviet everyday life, with the best known examples being, Soviet champagne, cognac, caviar and chocolate. The message that these goods carried was clear: everyone could now enjoy the standard of living earlier restricted to members of Russian nobility or the rich bourgeoisie. (Gronow, 2003: 33) One could say that the Stalinist Soviets systematically suppressed formal culture and centralized Socialist Realism in the form of kitsch.

The Importance of Accounting free essay sample

Accounting is an important means for an enterprise to implement efficient management, and the main basis to draft policies and plans. With the development of economy and the improvement of modern corporate system, the significance of accounting is becoming more and more obvious. This essay will discuss the main functions of accounting in business contest, thus prove that accounting is really essential and indispensable for an enterprise. Following this, it will explain why it is important for non-accounting professional and non-accounting students to have at least basic knowledge and understanding of accounting. The main functions of accounting in business contest There are many functions of accounting. The importance of accounting in business contest can be stated as follows: Firstly, accounting is an essential part of the whole enterprise management. There are many different departments in a company. The efficiency of the company’s management is not depended on the executives only, but the co-effect of all departments. We will write a custom essay sample on The Importance of Accounting or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Accounting is extensively, directly and continuously related to all departments and all business affairs in an enterprise. Therefore, accounting department is in the core position of the operation system. Only by making accounting one part of management, shall we improve the economic efficiency and expend our strength. Secondly, the information of accounting is the basis for decision making. The work of accounting is based on all kinds of information, such as National Economy and social development, and the result of their work should reflect the information. Generally speaking, the accuracy of the executives’ decision depends much on the accuracy of accounting information. The decision makers need accurate accounting information and overall analysis to ensure compatibility between production and sale, exploitation of the market, pricing, and investment of fund. Thirdly, accounting forecast is the foundation of business decision. When making business decisions, comprehending and foreseeing the change of the market is significant as well as mastering the present demand. The executives of an enterprise will foresee the potential demand and development of the market by making accounting analysis. On the other hand, they will analyze the past and present production and sale, and calculate the targeting ones of the future. By doing so, the decision made by the enterprise will be reliable and dependable. Fourthly, accounting analysis is an important guarantee for the business decision. Accounting analysis is not only the premise of planning, but also an important means to evaluate whether the plan is implemented appropriately and see some suggestions for improvement. Through the accounting analysis of the operation achievement, we can explore the potential approach of improving economic benefit and discover the weak segment of the management. Last but not least, the results of accounting are criteria to fix the accuracy of the business decision. Accounting results are quantitative display of the business results. They can reflect the state of business operating accurately. The necessity for non-accountings to have basic knowledge of accounting Accounting is closely connected with all business affairs in an enterprise. It is essential and indispensable for the executives to make all kinds of decision. Consequently, it is really very necessary for non-accounting professional especially the executives to have at least basic knowledge and understanding of accounting. As the leader of the company, they should realize the important function of accounting, strengthen the position of accounting and support the work of accounting mentally, materially and financially. In addition, basic knowledge and understanding of accounting is also very important for non-accounting students who want to be successful in business field in the future. As some of the experts said, accounting is the basic language of business (Yoshiaki, 1990). Therefore, understanding the basic language is the basic element for success. Conclusion Conclusively, accounting is important in a business context and it is important for non-accounting students and professional to have at least basic knowledge and understanding of accounting. The Importance of Accounting free essay sample Accounting is an important means for an enterprise to implement efficient management, and the main basis to draft policies and plans. With the development of economy and the improvement of modern corporate system, the significance of accounting is becoming more and more obvious. This essay will discuss the main functions of accounting in business contest, thus prove that accounting is really essential and indispensable for an enterprise. Following this, it will explain why it is important for non-accounting professional and non-accounting students to have at least basic knowledge and understanding of accounting. The main functions of accounting in business contest There are many functions of accounting. The importance of accounting in business contest can be stated as follows: Firstly, accounting is an essential part of the whole enterprise management. There are many different departments in a company. The efficiency of the company’s management is not depended on the executives only, but the co-effect of all departments. We will write a custom essay sample on The Importance of Accounting or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Accounting is extensively, directly and continuously related to all departments and all business affairs in an enterprise. Therefore, accounting department is in the core position of the operation system. Only by making accounting one part of management, shall we improve the economic efficiency and expend our strength. Secondly, the information of accounting is the basis for decision making. The work of accounting is based on all kinds of information, such as National Economy and social development, and the result of their work should reflect the information. Generally speaking, the accuracy of the executives’ decision depends much on the accuracy of accounting information. The decision makers need accurate accounting information and overall analysis to ensure compatibility between production and sale, exploitation of the market, pricing, and investment of fund. Thirdly, accounting forecast is the foundation of business decision. When making business decisions, comprehending and foreseeing the change of the market is significant as well as mastering the present demand. The executives of an enterprise will foresee the potential demand and development of the market by making accounting analysis. On the other hand, they will analyze the past and present production and sale, and calculate the targeting ones of the future. By doing so, the decision made by the enterprise will be reliable and dependable. Fourthly, accounting analysis is an important guarantee for the business decision. Accounting analysis is not only the premise of planning, but also an important means to evaluate whether the plan is implemented appropriately and see some suggestions for improvement. Through the accounting analysis of the operation achievement, we can explore the potential approach of improving economic benefit and discover the weak segment of the management. Last but not least, the results of accounting are criteria to fix the accuracy of the business decision. Accounting results are quantitative display of the business results. They can reflect the state of business operating accurately. The necessity for non-accountings to have basic knowledge of accounting Accounting is closely connected with all business affairs in an enterprise. It is essential and indispensable for the executives to make all kinds of decision. Consequently, it is really very necessary for non-accounting professional especially the executives to have at least basic knowledge and understanding of accounting. As the leader of the company, they should realize the important function of accounting, strengthen the position of accounting and support the work of accounting mentally, materially and financially. In addition, basic knowledge and understanding of accounting is also very important for non-accounting students who want to be successful in business field in the future. As some of the experts said, accounting is the basic language of business (Yoshiaki, 1990). Therefore, understanding the basic language is the basic element for success. Conclusion Conclusively, accounting is important in a business context and it is important for non-accounting students and professional to have at least basic knowledge and understanding of accounting.